Harman PK, Trinkle JK. Injury to the Heart. In: Trauma, 2nd ed. Moore EE, Mattox KL, Feliciano DV, editors. Norwalk: Appleton & Lange, 1991.
Crawford FA. Penetrating Cardiac Injuries. In: Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice, 14th ed. Sabiston DC, editor. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1991.
Asfaw I, Arbulu A. Penetrating Wounds of the Pericardium and Heart. Surgical Clinics of North America 1977;57(1):37-48.
Paget S. The Surgery of the Chest. London: Wright, 1896:121.
Sugg WL, Rea WJ, Ecker RR, Webb WR, Shaw RR. Penetrating wounds of the heart: An analysis of 459 cases. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1968;56(4):531-545.
Hill LL. Report of a case of successful suture of the heart. Medical Record 1902;29:846.
Blalock A, Ravitch M. A consideration of the nonoperative treatment of cardiac tamponade resulting from wounds of the heart. Surgery 1943;14:157.
Harken DE. Foreign bodies in, and in relation to, the thoracic blood vessels and heart. I. Techniques for
Approaching and Removing Foreign Bodies from the Chamber of the Heart. Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics 1946;83:117-125.
Pioneer's of Surgery: Into the Heart [Television]. NOVA. PBS 1990.
Jones RC, Jahnke EJ. Coronary Artery-Arteriovenous Fistula and Ventricular Septal Defect Due to Penetrating Wound of the Heart. Circulation 1965;32:995.
Reyes LH, Mattox KL, Gaasch WH, Espada R, Beall AC. Traumatic coronary artery-right heart fistula. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1975;70(1):52-56.
Bavaria JE, Miller JM, Josephson ME, Hargrove WC. Endocardial resection in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia secondary to cardiac trauma. Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 1991;32(1):50-52.
Jacobs JP, Horowitz MD, Ladden DA, de Marchena E, Musial BB, Bolooki H. Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in penetrating cardiac trauma. Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 1992;33(1):38-40.
Shamoun JM, Barraza KR, Jurkovich GJ, Salley RK. In extremis use of staples for cardiorrhaphy in penetrating cardiac trauma: case report. Journal of Trauma 1989;29(11):1589-1591.
Karrel R, Shaffer MA, Franaszek JB. Emergency diagnosis, resuscitation, and treatment of acute penetrating cardiac trauma. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1982;11:504-517.
Rea WJ, Sugg WL, Wilson LC, et al. Coronary artery laceration: An analysis of 22 patients. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1969;7:518.
Demetriades D, Van der Veen BW. Penetrating Injuries of the Heart: Experience over Two Years in South Africa. Journal of Trauma 1983;23(12):1034-1041.
Beck CS. Two Cardiac Compression Triads. Journal of the American Medical Association 1935;104(9):714-716.
Jimenez E, Martin M, Krukenkamp I, Barrett J. Subxiphoid pericardiotomy versus echocardiography: A prospective evaluation of the diagnosis of occult penetrating cardiac injury. Surgery 1990;108(4):676-680.
Arom KV, Richardson JD, Webb G, Grover FL. Subxiphoid Pericardial Window in Patients with Suspected Traumatic Pericardial Tamponade. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1977;23(6):545-549.
Choo MH, Chia BL, Chia FK, et al. Penetrating cardiac injury evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiography. American Heart Journal 1984;108:417.
Steichen FM, Dargan EL, Efron G, Pearlman DM, Weil PH. A Graded Approach to the Management of Penetrating Wounds of the Heart. Archives of Surgery 1971;103:574-580.
Tavares S, Hankins JR, Moulton AL, Attar S, Ali S, Lincoln S, Green DC, Sequeira A, McLaughlin JS. Management of Penetrating Cardiac Injuries: The Role of Emergency Room Thoracotomy. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1984;38(3):183-187.
Ivantury RR. Penetrating Cardiac Trauma: Quantifying the Severity of Anatomic and Physiologic Injury. Annals of Surgery 1987;205(1):61-66.
Trinkle JK. Penetrating Heart Wounds: Difficulty in Evaluating Clinical Series. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1984;38(3):181-182.